小词详解 | nepotism
SAT GRE
外刊例句
Meanwhile, nepotism flourishes, stifling growth and creating inequalities.
与此同时，裙带关系逐渐滋生，扼杀了发展并且带来了不平等。
——《经济学人》But as Vietnamese state-owned companies struggle with scandals and mountains of debt, details of nepotism and shady dealings have come into the public domain.
但是随着越南国有企业在丑闻和沉重债务的冲击下艰难挣扎，裙带关系和各种肮脏交易的细节开始暴露在光天化日之下。
——《纽约时报》
基本释义
[noun] the act of using your power or influence to get good jobs or unfair advantages for members of your own family
[名词] 任人唯亲；裙带关系
深入解读
中世纪时期，和世俗社会一样，基督教会中也存在严重的腐败问题。一些教会高官生活腐化，不仅贪污腐败，还蓄养情妇。生下私生子后，往往对外宣称是自己的nephew（侄子或外甥）。
这些人往往会想方设法把所谓的nephew安排到教会的肥差或重要位置上。人们对此现象十分反感，在拉丁语中将其称为nepotismo，其中nepo就是nephew的意思。英语单词nepotism就来源于此。
影视用例
出自《实习医生格蕾》（Grey's Anatomy）第八季第五集，一部以医学为主题，在美国十分受欢迎的黄金时段电视剧。该剧曾经获得艾美奖，目前已开播至第十五季，成为盘踞美国电视热门时段最久的医疗剧集。
同近义词
cronyism: the situation in which someone important gives jobs to friends rather than to independent people who have the necessary skills and experience
favouritism: unfair support shown to one person or group, especially by someone in authority
partisanship: the quality or action of strongly supporting a person, principle, or political party, often without considering or judging the matter very carefully
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